Resilient Legacy: The remarkable journey of John Xavier Merriman and Street's Merriman Park revival

By Laura Linham 2nd Jul 2023

John X Merriman was a British politician who became Prime Minister of the previous Cape Colony in 1908. Here he is seen sitting on the stoep with his wife, friends, servants and dogs.
John X Merriman was a British politician who became Prime Minister of the previous Cape Colony in 1908. Here he is seen sitting on the stoep with his wife, friends, servants and dogs.

Merriman Park, once a vibrant centrepiece of Street, has embarked on a journey of gradual rejuvenation, with aspirations to restore it to its former splendour.

But where did the park get its name from?

Born on 15th March 1841, John Xavier Merriman's journey began in Street, where his father, Nathaniel James Merriman, served as a curate before rising to become the third Bishop of Grahamstown. His mother, Julia Potter, had familial ties to well-known figures like John Gerald Potter. The family relocated to the Cape Colony in 1849 when John was just eight years old.

John Merriman's life was shaped by his experiences in both England and South Africa. He was a student at the Diocesan College in Rondebosch, Cape Town, and Radley College in England. On his return to South Africa in 1861, he forayed into politics, supplementing his income as a wine farmer at Schoongezicht, Stellenbosch, after dabbling in various professions.

Over 50 years, Merriman made his mark in parliament, gaining recognition for his eloquence, wit, and brilliant oratory, albeit often accompanied by a certain volatility and fluidity in his views. Initially a conservative opposing "Responsible Government," he later morphed into its fervent advocate and, subsequently, a leader opposing the Cape's first elected government.

His abilities did not go unnoticed. John Molteno, the leader of the responsible government movement, invited Merriman into his government. From 1875 to 1878, Merriman played a crucial role in pushing the expansion of the Cape's infrastructure, which included new railway and telegraph systems and the introduction of the first South African Irrigation Act.

His extensive political career, spanning several critical political milestones of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reached its pinnacle when he assumed the prime minister's office right before the Union in 1910. Initially a liberal and a collaborator with Rhodes during his prime ministership, Merriman eventually became a staunch supporter of the Boers.

In 1898, William Philip Schreiner became the Cape Colony's Prime Minister and appointed Merriman and J.W. Sauer, his lifelong political allies, to his cabinet. As prime minister, Schreiner, along with his cabinet, leaned towards negotiation rather than warfare, much to the annoyance of the governor and high commissioner, Alfred Milner, who was actively promoting war.

Merriman strove repeatedly to forestall the impending war between the British and the Transvaal. He was detained at his farm by Cape authorities due to his opposition to the war. When the war was declared in October 1899, Merriman not only denounced the war policy but also vehemently protested martial law excesses and the imperial rulers' attempt to suspend the Cape constitution, infringing on personal rights and parliamentary privileges.

The Schreiner government fell in 1900, primarily due to his party's opposition to the disfranchisement of Cape Afrikaners who opposed the British. Merriman and Sauer went to London to appeal to the British government, but they were branded 'Pro-Boer' and denied permission to present their case in the House of Commons. According to Davenport, they 'had tried and failed to find a middle term between annexation and independence as a basis for negotiations to end the war.'

Jingoistic sentiments fueled by the Boer War resulted in electoral setbacks for anti-war politicians across the Cape in the ensuing years. Merriman even temporarily lost his seat in parliament in early 1904. Later that year, he took over the new "South African Party" leadership from his friend and ally James Molteno.

Following the Union, Merriman continued to serve in the Parliament of South Africa, actively participating in significant debates and advocating for fair practices. He was notably one of the few parliamentarians to oppose the Native Land Act of 1913, which severely limited African land ownership.

Remembered as a liberal statesman, Merriman's political career was defined by a remarkable ability to evolve his views over time. Despite early prejudices, his exposure to the Cape's Black citizens transformed his outlook, leading him to advocate for more enlightened and inclusive racial policies. His legacy in South Africa, however, was not without its controversies. While his contributions to liberal policies were significant, he faced criticism for inconsistency and his failure to successfully extend the Cape Qualified Franchise to the whole of South Africa.

Merriman died in 1926 at the age of 85 in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Back in Street, Somerset, his legacy continues to live on through Merriman Park.

This scenic space once a hallmark of the village's charm, has begun its transformation towards reclaiming its past glory, embodying the spirit of resilience that Merriman demonstrated throughout his life.

As Somerset Council reviews the plans for the next phase of this restoration, it stands as a beacon of hope for the revival of a treasured communal space and a fitting tribute to a man whose life was marked by constant evolution and adaptation.

     

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